Introduction to computer and it gadgets

Introduction to computers and gadgets

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

• The word computer from the word compute, which means to calculate. So a computer is normally considered to be a calculating device that can perform arithmetic operations at an enormous speed.

What is a computer?

• Computer is the very Versatile electronic machine man has ever created. Computers have made a great impact on our everyday life. Their presence is felt in almost everybody in life be it home, school, college, office, industry, hospital, bank, retail stores, railway, research, design organization, etc.

• The other words of computer define that A computer is an electronic device that processes given data to drive the required and useful information during the process, the computer has to perform various functions, like accepting data from the input, processing it into useful information, and storing it away for safekeeping or late use.

Computer five major operations:

1. It accepts data or instruction as input.
2. It stores data and instructions.
3. It processes data as per the instruction.
4. It controls all the operations taking place inside a computer.
5. It gives results in form of output.

The two types of computers:

1. Analog computer: Analog Computers handle or process information that is of a physical nature, such as for example, temperature, pressure, signal, voltage, and so on.
2. Digital computer: Digital computers process information which is essential in a binary or two-state form, namely zero and one. An example of a digital computer is IBM PC.

Uses of computers in daily life:

• Accounts       

• Game

• Educational                   

• Smart ID cards         

• Working from home 

• On-line banking                    

• Internet

• Supermarkets    

Advantages of using a computer:

• Speed: Computers can perform routine tasks at a greater speed than human beings. It can perform millions of calculations in seconds.

• Accuracy: It is used to perform tasks in a way that ensures accuracy.

• Storage: It can store a largamountsnt of information.

• Automation: It can be instructed to perform complex tasks automatically.

• Versatility: They are flexible to perform both simple and complex tasks.

Evolution of the computer and its application

The evolution of the computer started in the 16th century and resulted in the form that we see today. The period during which the evolution of the computer took place can be divided into five phases, based on the major technological development that basically changed the way computers operate. These phases are known as the GENERATION of computers.

Main features of the First Generation (1940-1956):

• Used vacuum tubes for circuitry

• Size of the machine was big

• Very expensive

• Generate a lot of heat so it needed air co. conditioning room

• consumed a lot of electricity

• Not Reliable

• Used magnetic tapes

Vacuum tubes

Main features of the Second Generation (1956-1963):

• Used transistors 

• Faster and more reliable than the first generation

• Smaller and cheaper

• Less expensive compared to GI computer

• Low power consumption

• Portable 

• Introduced assembly language and operating system software

Transistor

Main features of the Third Generation (1964-1971):

• Used ICs and parallel processing 

• Smaller in size and faster

• Low power consumption and generated less heat

• Easy to operate

• Supported high-level language

• Input device was introduced which made it easier for the user to interact with the computer

Integrated circuit

Main features of the Fourth Generation (1972-2010):

• Used CPUs that contained thousands of transistors 

• Much smaller and fits on a desk palms and laps

• Very high speed of processing accurate reliable diligent and versatile

• Great development in the field of network 

• For general purpose

• More external storage mediums were introduced like CD-ROM and DVD-ROM 

• Used for commercial and network application

Microprocessor

Main features of Fifth Generation (2010- present):

• Portable computers are powerful cheaper reliable and easier to use than a desktop machine 

• Development of true artificial intelligence

• Development of natural parallel processing

• More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features 

• Used for commercial interactive online multimedia ( that is graphics audio video) and network application...

Model Laptop